Investigation into the Effectiveness of coMra-Therapy in the Treatment of Post Menopausal Osteoporosis: A Case Study
ABSTRACT
Osteoporosis is a serious metabolic bone disorder that increases the likelihood of bone fractures and affects the lives of a large percentage of the aging population, with post menopausal type Osteoporosis being the most common. The purpose of this case study was to investigate the effectiveness of coMra–Therapy in the treatment of post menopausal Osteoporosis. The study participant treated herself at home over an 11 month period using coMra–Therapy, (Coherent Multi Radiance Therapy) according to the treatment guide. CoMra–Therapy combines low level laser therapy, magnetic therapy, coloured light therapy and ultrasound therapy in one device called the Delta low level laser. Bone density scans were taken at 11 months apart and there was a statistically significant increase in bone mass density reported between scans in both the total hip of +4.7% and +3.6% in the lumbar spine, while over the same period, according to the calculated rate of bone loss, it was anticipated that there would be a further loss of bone mass between -1.3 and -1.5%. These results indicate that coMra–Therapy is a safe and viable treatment method for post menopausal osteoporosis in humans that gives individuals the ability to take a more active role in the improvement and maintenance of their own health.
INTRODUCTION
Osteoporosis is a serious metabolic bone disorder that increases the likelihood of bone fractures. Post menopausal osteoporosis in women is the most common type, affecting about 30% of all women. [1, pg.40] It is estimated that over 44 million people suffer from osteoporosis in the U.S. alone, or 55 percent of the people 50 years of age and older. Nearly 50% of patients with osteoporotic hip fractures never fully recover the mobility and independence they previously had, and an additional 25% require a long-term nursing facility or home care. [1, pg.2]
Simply put, osteoporosis is a condition in which the bones become more porous and less dense, leading to decrease of bone strength. This increases a person’s risk of breaking a bone from normally innocuous events, like a minor fall, or even sneezing.
Bones are generally classified into three categories [1, pg.30]:
- Normal – average amount of porosity or density;
- Osteopenic – increased porosity or decreased density with some increased risk of fracture;
- Osteoporotic – further increased porosity or decreased density and a higher degree of fracture risk.
The most common test used to determine the porosity or density of an individual’s bones is the dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). [2]
Bone Health and Osteoporosis
In a very general sense certain cells within our bones are continuously busy making new bone while others are continuously busy taking away old bone. This process is held in balance by the body. Making new bone is known as formation and taking away old bone is known as resorption. Both are part of a necessary process called bone remodeling. The cells primarily involved in bone formation are called osteo-blasts, while the cells primarily involved in the bone resorption are called osteo-clasts. [3]
Normally in the remodeling process, formation and resorption of bone are held in balance, or homeostasis, by a number of bodily processes. However, with osteoporotic conditions the amount of bone formed is not enough to keep up with the amount of bone resorbed. Thus bones become more porous. The resulting decrease in bone mass leads to increased risk of fracture.[1, pg.30]
The bodily systems involved in bone homeostasis include the central and peripheral nervous systems, the endocrine system, as well as the immune and digestive systems. [4-6] Detailed discussion of the large number of cellular, chemical, and biological processes involved in bone homeostasis and osteoporosis go far beyond the scope of this article. The cause of osteoporosis remains unknown by current allopathic medical and scientific standards.
[detailed video tour of bones at a cellular level]
Therapies For Osteoporosis
The most typical therapies recommended for the treatment of osteoporosis by various Osteoporosis Foundations throughout the world (e.g. the National Osteoporosis Foundation in the U.S.) are drug therapies. These drug therapies aim at artificially blocking or activating a specific aspect of the bone remodeling process. One example is biophosphenates, which are aimed at artificially blocking the action of osteoclasts involved in bone resorption. [1, pg.127]
However, a significant number of potential side effects are recognised for these medications. See Table 1 for examples. [7-14]
Table 1: List of some WARNINGS and SIDE EFFECTS given to people who take drugs to treat osteoporosis:
—-Warning Labels—–
—–DEATH FROM STROKE—— —–PULMONARY EMBOLISM—— —–OSTEOSARCOMA (CANCER)—–– —–DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS—— |
||
“Call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as:” |
||
|
|
|
Is there a safe alternative for treating osteoporosis?
45 years ago doctors and clinicians began to experiment and to treat people using low level laser therapy, with excellent results. [15,16] Light therapies had been used long before this, going as far back as 30 centuries in ancient texts and records [17], and in addition ultrasound [18, 19] and magnetism [20, 21] also have a history in the treatment of different conditions. The bodily processes involved in these therapies are still being understood, but regardless of our knowledge of the mechanisms and processes involved, we still see positive outcomes in case after case [22-27], with over 130 randomised clinical trials up to 2010 alone [28], and their applications in chronic diseases continue to grow. [29-34]
One such developing area has to do with bone and bone-related conditions. In the 1980s and 1990s the LLLT community reported very good bone mending results using laser therapy. [35] This led to further discoveries during the early 2000s and onwards. [36, 37] To date LLLT has been used in numerous bone and bone-related applications, such a post fracture repair [38-40], bone grafting [41, 42] and implants into bone [43, 44]. LLLT also has been shown to speed the healing process and improve the quality of the healing, both in strength and evenness, even when bone healing compounds or biomaterials were used.[37,45-50] LLLT has also been used to mitigate the side effects of drugs used to treat bones, as well as associated pain.[51-54] Additionally, there are ongoing studies into the effects of LLLT on the cellular and molecular level in the bone remodeling process.[55-58]
When we look at Osteoporosis itself there are various studies into the effects of LLLT treatment, both directly on osteoporosis and indirectly on osteoporotic related conditions [59-67] – all with very positive outcomes. One of the studies in particular, by Kulyakovich (2007) in the Ukraine, demonstrated the effects of light, magnetism, and microwaves, in the improvement of osteoporosis in 180 cases. All 180 cases showed a significant increase in bone mass density with no post treatment fractures in a five year period. His treatment methods are based on treating the body as a whole rather than any specific causative agent. [68]
Not only has LLLT been found effective in the treatment of bone, so too have ultrasound and magnetic therapies. Ultrasound therapy has been found beneficial in bone cellular processes [69, 70] in the healing of fractures both normal [71] and non-union. [18, 72]
Magnetic therapy has been found beneficial for treating bone fractures [73] as well as for improving bone mass densities including in osteoporotic conditions. [74-77]
In addition to these therapies being used on their own, they have also been used in various combinations in the treatment of bone – all with beneficial results. [78-80] In conjunction with all of this there is also a vast body of literature, only in Russian, on the effectiveness of Magnetic Infrared Laser therapy (MIL therapy).
CoMra-Therapy for Osteoporosis
Radiant Life Technologies introduced coMra–Therapy as a new breakthrough in the world of medicine. It combines already established therapies; LLLT [22-27, 29-32, 81-85], coloured light therapy [87-91], magnetic therapy [20, 21, 73-77, 92-94] and ultrasound therapy [18, 19, 69-72, 95-97] into one. CoMra–Therapyis employed via the Delta low level laser. CoMra–Therapy addresses the organism as a whole and thus is not specifically directed toward any one causative agent. It can therefore be used to treat a wide array of medical diseases and conditions.
Although Osteoporosis is a disease that primarily affects the bones, there are numerous bodily systems involved, and therefore for treatment to be effective it needs to address both bone health directly, and also the overall body homeostasis that influences bone health. This case study was undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of coMra–Therapy in the treatment of Osteoporosis, with treatment directed at both the bones directly as well as other bodily systems influencing bone health.
CASE DESCRIPTION
- Female, 63 years old
- Scoliosis in lower spine for over 50 years; resulting in tilted hips and uneven leg lengths with majority of weight on right leg. Over time right knee splayed laterally outward to compensate for uneven leg lengths.
- Early onset menopause at age 38.
- Informed by her doctor in early 50’s that she had osteopenia.
- Arthritic pain began at approximately age 56 with pain in lower spine, both hips, right knee.
- Total hip replacement (left side) 2007 due to continuous pain and immobility.
- Diagnosed with Osteoporosis in 2011 via Bone Density Scan.
- Doctor recommended biophosphonates to treat the osteoporosis and she declined.
- Before starting coMra-Therapy:
- Pain in lower spine, right hip, right knee.
- General muscle weakness and deterioration in both legs.
TREATMENTS
The participant began using coMra–Therapy only periodically beginning November 2010, not specifically for osteoporosis, but for osteoarthritic pain and the weakness coupled with decreasing mobility. At start of treatment she reported experiencing difficulty managing daily activities such as household chores, stairs, gardening and social activities. In March 2011 she was diagnosed with osetoporosis via a DXA scan. Subsequently she began using the Delta Laser more frequently and specifically in an effort to combat this condition. She also wanted to avoid a second hip replacement if possible.
She administered coMra–Therapy on herself with the Delta Laser at home as recommended for her condition. Up until the point of diagnosis of osteoporosis she used it 1 to 3 times per week. After diagnosis in 2011 she increased treatments to 2 to 4 times per week.
As recommended in the coMra–Therapy User Guide, the following treatment programs were followed:
Traumatology 1. This program includes treatment points for:
- Spinal column – from coccyx to occiput, at 10 cm intervals
- Spinal column– along both sides of the spinal column through long extensors at 10 cm intervals
- Heart
- Liver
- Pancreas
- Spleen
Traumatology 9 for the right hip
Traumatology 10 for the right knee
RESULTS
DXA scans performed in March 2011 and again in February 2012 indicating changes in condition over the 11 month period.
There has been a statistically significant increase in bone mass density of 4.7% total right hip over an 11 month period.
There has been a statistically significant increase in bone mass density of 3.6% in lumber region over an 11 month period. Participant reported increased mobility and decreased pain. Using coMra-Therapy on ongoing basis to alleviate arthritic pain.
DISCUSSION
The findings of this case study indicate that coMra–Therapy has a place as an effective treatment method for post menopausal osteoporosis. Treatment can be performed at home by individuals, without any drug interventions, thus providing individuals the opportunity to take a far more proactive role in their own health and well-being.
DXA test results confirm that this treatment method produced a statistically significant increase in bone mass density in both hip (4.7% increase) and back (3.6% increase) of a 63 year old female with post menopausal osteoporosis. Given that the expected rate of post- menopausal bone loss is calculated to be -1.3 to -1.5% at the lumbar spine and -1.4% at the femoral neck per year in post menopausal osteoporosis [86], this statistically significant increase in BMD, further demonstrates the improvement. It is also important to note that there were no harmful side effects.
These findings were similar to those of Kulyokovych and others, which also showed an increase in bone mass density through “magneto-laser-microwave” and other treatment methods of osteoporotic conditions[59, 65, 66, 68, 75-77]. However, Kulyokovich’s system is complex and can only be done in a clinical setting, whereas coMra–Therapy is compact, simple and easy to use, giving individuals the ability to treat themselves at home or while on the go.
This case study also presents a possible treatment method for osteoporotic bone fractures, which are a serious consequence of osteoporosis [1, pg.2], based on the results others have obtained in osteoporotic fractures. [60-64, 67]
In summary, the results of the present study demonstrate, for the first time, the ability of coMra–Therapyto improve bone mass density in humans by providing energetic support to the body at a cellular level, so that it may initiate and carry out the healing process.
REFERENCES
[1] R. Bartl, B. Frisch, “Osteoporosis: Diagnosis, Prevention, Therapy.” Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004, 2009,(Pages 2, 30, 40, 127). DOI: 10.1007/ 978-3-540-79527-8
[2] M C Lodder, W F Lems, H J Ader, A E Marthinsen, S C C M van Coeverden, P Lips, J C Netelenbos, B A C Dijkmans, J C Roos, “Reproducibility of bone mineral density measurement in daily practice.” 2004 Ann Rheum Dis 2004;63:285–289. DOI: 10.1136/ard.2002.005678
[3] B. Clarke, “Normal Bone Anatomy and Physiology.” 2008 Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 3: S131–S139. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.04151206
[4] Julie C. Crockett, Michael J. Rogers, Fraser P. Coxon, Lynne J. Hocking and Miep H. Helfrich, “Bone Remodeling at a Glance.” 2011 Journal of Cell Science 124, 991-998. DOI:10.1242/jcs.063032
[5] C. Chenu, “Role of innervation in the control of bone remodeling.” 2004 J Musculoskel Neuron Interact; 4(2):132-134 (http://www.ismni.org/jmni/index.htm)
[6] Young Jin Jung, Chang-Yong Ko, Paul Han, Dong Hyun Seo and Han Sung Kim, “Correlation between Baseline Bone Quantity (BV/TV) and Magnitude of Trabecular Bone Loss after Sciatic Nerve Injury: Tibia.” 2012 International Conference on Environment, Agriculture and Food Sciences (ICEAFS’2012) August 11-12, 2012 Phuket (Thailand)
[7] ©Actonel with Calcium Patient Information is supplied by Cerner Multum, Inc. and Actonel with Calcium Consumer information is supplied by First Databank, Inc., used under license and subject to their respective copyrights. http://www.rxlist.com/actonel-with-calcium-side-effects-drug-center.htm
[8] © Didronel Patient Information is supplied by Cerner Multum, Inc. and Didronel Consumer information is supplied by First Databank, Inc., used under license and subject to their respective copyrights. http://www.rxlist.com/didronel-side-effects-drug-center.htm
[9] © Evista Patient Information is supplied by Cerner Multum, Inc. and Evista Consumer information is supplied by First Databank, Inc., used under license and subject to their respective copyrights. http://www.rxlist.com/evista-side-effects-drug-center.htm
[10] © Forteo Patient Information is supplied by Cerner Multum, Inc. and Forteo Consumer information is supplied by First Databank, Inc., used under license and subject to their respective copyrights. http://www.rxlist.com/forteo-side-effects-drug-center.htm
[11] © Fosamax Patient Information is supplied by Cerner Multum, Inc. and Fosamax Consumer information is supplied by First Databank, Inc., used under license and subject to their respective copyrights. http://www.rxlist.com/fosamax-side-effects-drug-center.htm
[12] © Miacalcin Patient Information is supplied by Cerner Multum, Inc. and Miacalcin Consumer information is supplied by First Databank, Inc., used under license and subject to their respective copyrights. http://www.rxlist.com/miacalcin-side-effects-drug-center.htm
[13] © Premarin Patient Information is supplied by Cerner Multum, Inc. and Premarin Consumer information is supplied by First Databank, Inc., used under license and subject to their respective copyrights. http://www.rxlist.com/premarin-side-effects-drug-center.htm
[14] © Reclast Patient Information is supplied by Cerner Multum, Inc. and Reclast Consumer information is supplied by First Databank, Inc., used under license and subject to their respective copyrights. http://www.rxlist.com/reclast-side-effects-drug-center.htm
[15] Hoon Chung, Tian Hong Dai, Sulbha K. Sharma, Ying-Ying Huang, James D. Carroll, Michale R. Hamblin, “The Nuts and Bolts of Low-level Laser (Light) Therapy.” 2012 Annals of Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 40, No. 2, February (Ó 2011) pp. 516–533 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0454-7
[16] Tiina I. Karu, Tuan Vo-Dinh, “Biomedical Photonics Handbook.” 2003 Section 48.1, ISBN 0-8493-116-0
[17] Tuan Vo-Dinh, “Biomedical Photonics Handbook.” 2003 Section 1.1, ISBN 0-8493-116-0
[18] Carlo L. Romano, Delia Romano, Nicola Logoluso, ” Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound for the Treatment of Bone Delayed Union or Non-union: A Review.” 2009 Ultrasound in Med. & Biol., Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 529–536, 2009
[19] Yang-Hwei Tsuang, Li-Wen Liao, Yuan-Hung Chao, Jui-Sheng Sun, Cheng-Kung Cheng, Ming-Hong Chen, Pei-Wei Weng, “Effects of Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on Rat Schwann Cells Metabolism.” 2010 Artificial Organs 35(4):373–383, Wiley Periodicals
[20] Marko S. Markov, “Magnetic Field Therapy: A Review.” 2007 Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 26: 1–23, Informa Healthcare ISSN 1536-8378 print DOI: 10.1080/15368370600925342
[21] Yili Yan, Guanghao Shen, Kangning Xie, Chi Tang, Xiaoming Wu, Qiaoling Xu, Juan Liu, Ji Song, Xiaofan Jiang, Erping Luo, “Wavelet analysis of acute effects of static magnetic field on resting skin blood flow at the nail wall in young men.” 2011 Microvasc. Res., doi:10.1016/ j.mvr.2011.03.008
[22] Chukuka S. Enwemeka, Jason C. Parker, David S. Dowdy, Erin E. Harkness, Leif E Sanford, Lynda D. Woodruff, “The Efficacy of Low-Power Lasers in Tissue Repair and Pain Control: A Meta-Analysis Study.” 2004 Photomedicine and Laser Surgery Volume 22, Number 4, Pp. 323–329
[23] Colin J. Carati, Sandy N. Anderson, Bren J. Gannon, Neil B. Piller, “Treatment of Postmastectomy Lymphedema with Low-Level Laser Therapy A Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.” 2003 American Cancer Society DOI 10.1002/cncr.11641
[24] Ljubica M. Konstantinovic, Zeljko M. Kanjuh, Andjela N. Milovanovic, Milisav R. Cutovic, Aleksandar G. Djurovic, Viktorija G. Savic, Aleksandra S. Dragin, Nesa D. Milovanovic, “Acute Low Back Pain with Radiculopathy: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study.” 2010 Photomedicine and Laser Surgery Volume 28, Number 4, 2010 a Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Pp. 553–560 DOI: 10.1089=pho.2009.257
[25] J. M. Bjordal, R. A. B. Lopes-Martins, V. V. Iversen, “A randomised, placebo controlled trial of low level laser therapy for activated Achilles tendinitis with microdialysis measurement of peritendinous prostaglandin E2 concentrations.” Br J Sports Med 2006; 40:76–80. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2005.020842
[26] R.J. Bensadoun, J.C. Franquin G. Ciais, V. Darcourt M.M. Schubert, M. Viot J. Dejou, C. Tardieu K. Benezery, T.D. Nguyen Y. Laudoyer, O. Dassonville G. Poissonnet, J. Vallicioni A. Thyss, M. Hamdi P. Chauvel, F. Demard, “Low-energy He/Ne laser in the prevention of radiation-induced mucositis. A multicenter phase III randomized study in patients with head and neck cancer.” Support Care Cancer (1999) 7:244–252 DOI 10.1007/s005209900034
[27] Mutan Hamdi Aras, Metin Güngörmüs, “Placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of the effect two different low-level laser therapies (LLLT)—intraoral and extraoral—on trismus and facial swelling following surgical extraction of the lower third molar.” Lasers Med Sci (2010) 25:641–645 DOI 10.1007/s10103-009-0684-1
[28] Jan Turnér, Lars Hode, “The New Laser Therapy Handbook.” 2010 preface ISBN-13 978-91-976478-2-3
[29] Shimon Rochkind, “Review of 30-years experience: laser phototherapy in neuroscience and neurosurgery part II-nerve cells, brain and spinal cord.” 2009 JMLL August Laser Therapy 18.3: 127-136
[30] Julio C Rojas, F Gonzalez-Lima, “Low-level light therapy of the eye and brain.” 2011 Eye and Brain 14 October 2011:3 49–67 Dovepress journal doi.org/10.2147/EB.S21391
[31] Kristina D. Desmet, David A. Paz, Jesse J. Corry, Janis T Eells, Margaret T.T. Wong-Riley, Michelle M. Henry, Ellen V. Buchmann, Mary P. Connelly, Julia V. Dovi, Huan Ling Liang, Diane S. Henshel, Ronnie L. Yeager, Deborah S. Millsap, Jinhwan Lim, Lisa J. Gould, Rina Das, Marti Jett, Brian D. Hodgson, David Margolis, Harry T. Whelan, “Clinical and Experimental Applications of NIR-LED Photobiomodulation.” 2006 Photomedicine and Laser Surgery Volume 24, Number 2, 2006 Pp. 121–128
[32] Tiziano Marovino, “Cold Lasers In Pain Management.” 2004 Practical Pain Management, Sept/Oct
[33] Eliana Maria Minicucci, Hélio Amante Miot, Silvia Regina Catharino Sartori Barraviera, Luciana Almeida-Lopes, “Low-level laser therapy on the treatment of oral and cutaneous pemphigus vulgaris: case report.” Lasers Med Sci (2012) 27:1103–1106 DOI 10.1007/s10103-012-1101-8
[34] Cesar Migliorati, Ian Hewson, Rajesh V. Lalla, Heliton Spindola Antunes, Cherry L. Estilo, Brian Hodgson, Nilza Nelly Fontana Lopes, Mark M. Schubert, Joanne Bowen, Sharon Elad, “Systematic review of laser and other light therapy for the management of oral mucositis in cancer patients.”(2012) Support Care Cancer DOI 10.1007/s00520-012-1605-6
[35] A. Barber, JE. Luger, A. Karpf, Kh. Salame, B. Shlomi, G. Kogan, M. Nissan, M. Alon, S. Rochkind, “Advances in Laser Therapy For Bone Repair.” 2000 The Journal of Laser Therapy. Vol.13. World Association of Laser Therapy.
[36] Antonio Luiz B. Pinheiro, Marleny Elizabeth M.M. Gerbi, “Photoengineering of Bone Repair Processes.” 2006 Photomedicine and Laser Surgery Volume 24, Number 2, 2006 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Pp. 169–178
[37] Siamak Bashardoust Tajali, Joy C MacDermid, Pamela Houghton, Ruby Grewal, “Effects of Low Power Laser Irradiation on Bone Healing in Animals: a Meta-Analysis.” 2010 Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 5:1 doi:10.1186/1749-799X-5-1
[38] S. Rochkind, G. Kogan, E.G. Luger, K. Salame, E. Karp, M. Graif, J. Weiss, “Molecular Structure of the Bony Tissue after Experimental Trauma to the Mandibular Region followed by Laser Therapy.” 2004 Photomedicine and Laser Surgery Volume 22, Number 3, 2004 © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Pp. 249–253
[39] Luiz Antonio De Souza Merli, Maria Teresa Botti Rodrigues Dos Santos, Walter João Genovese, Flavio Faloppa, “Brief Report Effect of Low-Intensity Laser Irradiation on the Process of Bone Repair” 2005 Photomedicine and Laser Surgery Volume 23, Number 2, 2005 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Pp. 212–215
[40] Xuecheng Liu, Roger Lyon, Heidi T. Meier, John Thometz, Steven T Haworth, “Effect of Lower-Level Laser Therapy on Rabbit Tibial Fracture.” 2007 Photomedicine and Laser Surgery Volume 25, Number 6, 2007 © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Pp. 487–494 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2006.2075
[41] João Batista B. Weber, Antonio Luiz B. Pinheiro, Marília G. De Oliveira, Flávio Augusto M. Oliveira, Luciana Maria P. Ramalho, “Laser Therapy Improves Healing of Bone Defects Submitted to Autologus Bone Graft.” 2006 Photomedicine and Laser Surgery Volume 24, Number 1, Feb, 2006 © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Pp. 38–44
[42] Cristian S. Torres, Jean N. dos Santos, Juliana S.C. Monteiro, Paulla G.M. Amorim, Antonio L.B. Pinheiro, “Does the Use of Laser Photobiomodulation, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, and Guided Bone Regeneration Improve the Outcome of Autologous Bone Grafts? An in Vivo Study in a Rodent Model.” 2008 Photomedicine and Laser Surgery Volume 26, Number 4, © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Pp. 371–377 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2007.2172
[43] Maawan Khadra, Ståle P. Lyngstadaas, Hans R. Haanæs, Kamal Mustafa, “Effect of laser therapy on attachment, proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblast-like cells cultured on titanium implant material.” 2005 Biomaterials 26 (2005) 3503–3509 0142-9612. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials. 2004.09.033
[44] Alexandre Pozo Maluf, Ricardo Pozo Maluf, Cecilia da Rocha Brito, Fabiana Mantovani Gomes França, Rui Barbosa de Brito Jr., “Mechanical evaluation of the influence of low-level laser therapy in secondary stability of implants in mice shinbones.” Lasers Med Sci (2010) 25:693–698 DOI 10.1007/s10103-010-0778-9
[45] Carvalho PTC, Silva IS, Reis FA, Belchior ACG, Facco GG, Guimarães RN, Fernandes GHC, Denadai AS. “Effect of 650 nm low-power laser on bone morphogenetic protein in bone defects induced in rat femors.” 2006 Acta Cir Bras. [serial on the Internet] 2006;21 Suppl 4. Available from URL: http://www.scielo.br/acb.
[46] Gerbi ME, Marques AM, Ramalho LM, Ponzi EA, Carvalho CM, Santos RC, Oliveira PC, Nóia M, Pinheiro AL, “Infrared laser light further improves bone healing when associated with bone morphogenic proteins: an in vivo study in a rodent model.” 2008 Photomed Laser Surg 26:55–60 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2007.2026
[47] Cerqueira A, Silveira RL, Oliveira MG, Sant’ana Filho M, Heitz C., “Bone tissue microscopic findings related to the use of diode laser (830ηm) in ovine mandible submitted to distraction osteogenesis.” 2007 Acta Cir Bras. [serial on the Internet] 2007 Mar-Apr;22(2). Available from URL: http://www.scielo.br/acb
[48] Bayat M, Abdi S, Javadieh F, Mohsenifar Z, Rashid MR. “The effects of low-level laser therapy on bone in diabetic and non- diabetic rats.” 2009 Photomed Laser Surg. 2009;27:703–8. DOI: 10.1089=pho.2008.2351
[49] Elaine Fávaro–Pípi, Daniel Araki Ribeiro, Juliana Uema Ribeiro, Paulo Bossini, Poliani Oliveira, Nivaldo A. Parizotto, Carla Tim, Helóısa Sobreiro Selistre de Araújo, Ana Claudia Muniz Renno, “Low-Level Laser Therapy Induces Differential Expression of Osteogenic Genes During Bone Repair in Rats.” 2011 Photomedicine and Laser Surgery Volume 29, Number 5, Pp. 311–317 DOI:10.1089/pho.2010.2841
[50] Antonio L.B. Pinheiro, Cibelle B. Lopes, Marcos T.T. Pacheco, Aldo Brugnera, Junior, Fátima Antonia A. Zanin, Maria Cristina T. Cangussu ́,Landulfo Silveira, Junior, “Raman Spectroscopy Validation of DIAGNOdent-Assisted Fluorescence Readings on Tibial Fractures Treated with Laser Phototherapy, BMPs, Guided Bone Regeneration, and Miniplates.” 2010 Photomedicine and Laser Surgery Volume 28, Supplement 2. Pp. S89–S97 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2009.2674
[51] Umberto Romeo, Alexandros Galanakis, Christos Marias, Alessandro Del Vecchio, Gianluca Tenore, Gaspare Palaia, Paolo Vescovi, Antonella Polimeni, “Observation of Pain Control in Patients with Bisphosphonate-Induced Osteonecrosis Using Low Level Laser Therapy: Preliminary Results.” 2011 Photomedicine and Laser Surgery Volume 29, Number 7, Pp. 447–452 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2010.2835
[52] Matteo Scoletta, Paolo G. Arduino, Lucia Reggio, Paola Dalmasso, Marco Mozzati, “Effect of Low-Level Laser Irradiation on Bisphosphonate-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Jaws: Preliminary Results of a Prospective Study.” 2010 Photomedicine and Laser Surgery Volume 28, Number 2, Pp. 179–184 DOI: 10.1089=pho.2009.2501
[53] Paolo Vescovi, Elisabetta Merigo, Marco Meleti, Maddalena Manfredi, Carlo Fornaini, Samir Nammour, “Clinical Study: Surgical Approach and Laser Applications in BRONJ Osteoporotic and Cancer Patients.” 2012 Hindawi Publishing Corporation, Journal of Osteoporosis Volume 2012, Article ID 585434, 8 pages doi:10.1155/2012/585434
[54] Bahadır Kan, Mehmet Ali Altay, Ferda Tasar, Murat Akova, “Low-level laser therapy supported teeth extractions of two patients receiving IV zolendronate.” Lasers Med Sci (2011) 26:569–575 DOI 10.1007/s10103-010-0816-7
[55] Yuji Ueda, Noriyoshi Shimizu, “Effects of Pulse Frequency of Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) on Bone Nodule Formation in Rat Calvarial Cells.” 2003 Journal of Clinical Laser Medicine & Surgery Volume 21, Number 5, 2003 © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Pp. 271–277
[56] A. Stein, D. Benayahu, L. Maltz, U. Oron, “Low-Level Laser Irradiation Promotes Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Osteoblasts in Vitro.” 2005 Photomedicine and Laser Surgery Volume 23, Number 2, 2005 © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Pp. 161–166
[57] Deise A.A. Pires Oliveira, Rodrigo Franco de Oliveira, Renato Amaro Zangaro, Cristina Pacheco Soares, “Evaluation of Low-Level Laser Therapy of Osteoblastic Cells.” 2008 Photomedicine and Laser Surgery Volume 26, Number 4, 2008 © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Pp. 401–404 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2007.2101
[58] Takeshi Kiyosaki, Narihiro Mitsui, Naoto Suzuki, Noriyoshi Shimizu, “Low-Level Laser Therapy Stimulates Mineralization Via Increased Runx2 Expression and ERK Phosphorylation in Osteoblasts.” 2010 Photomedicine and Laser Surgery Volume 28, Supplement 1, 2010 a Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Pp. S167–S172 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2009.2693
[59] J.S. Diniz, R.A. Nicolau, N. deMelo Ocarino, F. do Carmo Magalhães, R.D. Pereira, R. Serakides, “Effect of low-power gallium-aluminum-arsenium laser therapy (830 nm) in combination with bisphosphonate treatment on osteopenic bone structure: an experimental animal study.” 2009 Lasers in medical Science May;24(3):347-52. Epub 2008 Jul 22. (Abstract Only So Far)
[60] D.A. Pires-Oliveira, R.F. Oliveira, S.U. Amadei, C. Pacheco-Soares, R.F. Rocha, “Laser 904 nm action on bone repair in rats with osteoporosis.” 2010 Osteoporosis International, Dec;21(12):2109-14. Epub 2010 Mar 4. (Abstract Only So Far)
[61] R. Fangel, P.S. Bossini, A.C. Renno, D.A. Ribeiro, C.C. Wang, R.L. Toma, K.O. Nonaka, P. Driusso, N.A. Parizotto, J. Oishi, “Low-level laser therapy, at 60 J/cm2 associated with a Biosilicate(®) increase in bone deposition and indentation biomechanical properties of callus in osteopenic rats.” 2011 J. Biomed. Opt. 16(7), 078001 (July 22, 2011). doi:10.1117/1.3598847 (Abstract Only So Far)
[62] Simone Bustamante Nascimento, Claudia Alessandra Cardoso, Tatiana Pinto Ribeiro, Janete Dias Almeida, Regiane Albertini, Egberto Munin, Emília Angela Loschiavo Arisawa, “Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy and Calcitonin on Bone Repair in Castrated Rats: A Densitometric Study.” 2010 Photomedicine and Laser Surgery Volume 28, Number 1, 2010 a Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Pp. 45–49 DOI: 10.1089=pho.2008.2396
[63] P.S. Bossini, A.C. Rennó, D.A. Ribeiro, R. Fangel, A.C. Ribiero, A Mde Lahoz, N.A. Parizotto, “Low level laser therapy (830nm) improves bone repair in osteoporotic rats: similar outcomes at two different dosages.” 2012 Experiemental Gerentology Volume 47, Issue 2, February 2012, Pages 136-142 DOI:10.1016/j.exger.2011.11.005
[64] Rodrigo Ré Poppi, Anísio Lima Da Silva, Renato Silva Nacer, Rodolfo Paula Vieira, Luis Vicente Franco de Oliveira, Newton Santos de Faria Júnior, Paulo de Tarso Camilo Carvalho, “Evaluation of the osteogenic effect of low-level laser therapy (808 nm and 660 nm) on bone defects induced in the femurs of female rats submitted to ovariectomy.” Lasers Med Sci (2011) 26:515–522 DOI 10.1007/s10103-010-0867-9
[65] Heesung Kang, Chang-Yong Ko, Yeonhang Ryu, Dong Hyun Seo, Han-Sung Kim, Byungjo Jung “Development of a minimally invasive laser needle system: effects on cortical bone of osteoporotic mice.” Lasers Med Sci (2012) 27:965–969 DOI 10.1007/s10103-011-1014-y
[66] A. Saad, M. El Yamany, O. Abbas, M. Yehia, “Possible role of low level laser therapy on bone turnover in ovariectomized rats.” 2010 Endocrine Regulations Vol.44, No.4, p.155-163, 10.4149/endo_2010_04_155
[67] Valdir Gouveia Garcia, Juliana Mendonça da Conceição, Leandro Araújo Fernandes, Juliano Milanezi de Almeida, Maria José Hitomi Nagata, Alvaro Francisco Bosco, Leticia Helena Theodoro, “Effects of LLLT in combination with bisphosphonate on bone healing in critical size defects: a histological and histometric study in rat calvaria.” 2012 Lasers Med Sci DOI 10.1007/s10103-012-1068-5
[68] Yuriy Kulykovych, “New Integrative treatment method of Osteoporosis with a Laser-Magnetic and Microwave treatment system and application of systematic and etiopathobenic principles.” 2007 Laser Therapy 16:2 87-96 ISSN: 0898-5901
[69] J.A. Gallagher, “ATP P2 receptors and regulation of bone effector cells.” 2004 J Musculoskel Neuron Interact 2004; 4(2):125-127
[70] A. Suzuki, T. Takayama, N. Suzuki, T. Kojima, N. Ota, S. Asano, K. Ito, “Daily low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulates production of bone morphogenetic protein in ROS 17/2.8 cells.” 2008 Journal of Oral Science Volume 51, number 1 pg 29-36 doi:10.2334/josnusd.51.29
[71] Lutz Claes, Bettina Willie, “Review: The enhancement of bone regeneration by ultrasound.” 2007 Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 93, 384–398 doi:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2006.07.021
[72] Y. Watanabe, T. Matsushita, M. Bhandari, R. Zdero, E.H. Schemitsch, “Ultrasound for fracture healing: current evidence.” 2010 Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma: March 2010 – Volume 24 – Issue – pp S56-S61 doi: 10.1097/BOT.0b013e3181d2efaf (Abstract Only So Far)
[73] Edela Puricelli, Lucienne M Ulbrich, Deise Ponzoni, João Julio da Cunha Filho, “Histological analysis of the effects of a static magnetic field on bone healing process in rat femurs.” 2006 Head & Face Medicine 2006, 2:43 doi:10.1186/1746-160X-2-43
[74] Shenzhi Xu, Naohide Tomita, Ken Ikeuchi, Yoshito Ikada, “Recovery of Small-Sized Blood Vessels in Ischemic Bone Under Static Magnetic Field.” 2007 Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2007 March; 4(1): 59–63 doi:10.1093/ecam/nel055
[75] Norimasa Taniguchi, Shigeyuki Kanai, “Efficacy of Static Magnetic Field for Locomotor Activity of Experimental Osteopenia.” 2006 Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2007 March; 4(1): 99–105. Doi:10.1093/ecam/ne1067
[76] Shenzhi Xu, Hideyuki Okano, Naohide Tomita, Yoshito Ikada, “Recovery Effects of a 180 mT Static Magnetic Field on Bone Mineral Density of Osteoporotic Lumbar Vertebrae in Ovariectomized Rats.” 2011 Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2011, Article ID 620984, 8 pages doi:10.1155/2011/620984
[77] Clinton T. Rubin, Kenneth J. McLeod, Lance E. Lanyon, “Prevention of Osteoporosis by Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields.” (1989) The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. Vol. 71-A, No. 3, March 1989
[78] Baibekov, Khanapiyaev, “Healing of Bone Fractures of Rat Shin and Some Immunological Indices during Magnetic Laser Therapy and Osteosynthesis by the Ilizarov Method.” 2001 Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, Vol. 131, No. 4, April, 2001 pg 399-402 0007-4888/04/1314
[79] Ana Paula Lirani-Galvão, Vanda Jorgetti, Orivaldo Lopes da Silva, “Comparative Study of How Low-Level Laser Therapy and Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Affect Bone Repair in Rats.” 2006 Photomedicine and Laser Surgery Volume 24, Number 6, 2006. Pp. 735–740 DOI: 10.1089/PHO.2006.2003
[80] R. Dimitriou, G.C. Babis, “Biomaterial osseointegration Enhancement with biophysical stimulation.” 2007 J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2007; 7(3):253-265
[81] Jan Magnus Bjordal, Mark I. Johnson, Vegard Iversen, Flavio Aimbire, Rodrigo Alvaro Brandao Lopes-Martins, “Low-Level Laser Therapy in Acute Pain: A Systematic Review of Possible Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Effects in Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials.” 2006 Photomedicine and Laser Surgery Volume 24, Number 2, 2006 Pp. 158–168
[82] Roberta T Chow, Mark I Johnson, Rodrigo A B Lopes-Martins, Jan M Bjordal, “Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in the management of neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo or active-treatment controlled trials.” 2009 Lancet; 374: 1897–908 Published Online November 13, 2009 DOI:10.1016/S0140- 6736(09)61522-1
[83] Javad T. Hashmi, Ying-Ying Huang, Bushra Z. Osmani, Sulbha K. Sharma, Margaret A. Naeser, Michael R. Hamblin, “Role of Low-Level Laser Therapy in Neurorehabilitation.” 2011 NIH Public Access PM R. 2010 December ; 2(12 Suppl 2): S292–S305. doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.10.013.
[84] Roberta Chow, “Phototherapy and the Peripheral Nervous System.” 2011 Photomedicine and Laser Surgery Volume 29, Number 9, 2011 Pp. 591–592 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2011.9904
[85] Darrell B. Tata, Ronald W. Waynant, “Laser therapy: A review of its mechanism of action and potential medical applications.” 2011 Laser Photonics Rev. 5, No. 1, 1–12 (2011) / DOI 10.1002/lpor.200900032
[86] K. E. Bainbridge, MF. Sowers, M. Crutchfield, X. Lin, M. Jannausch, and S. D. Harlow, “Natural History of Bone Loss over 6 Years among Premenopausal and Early Postmenopausal Women.” 2002 American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 156, No. 5 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwf049
[87] Glen R. Calderhead, “The Photobiological Basics behind Light Emitting Diode Phototherapy.” 2007 Laser Therapy 16:2 97-108
[88] Chukuka S. Enwemeka, Deborah Williams, Sombiri K. Enwemeka, Steve Hollosi, David Yens, “Blue 470-nm Light Kills Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Vitro.”2009 Photomedicine and Laser Surgery Volume 27, Number 2, 2009 Pp. 221–226 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2008.2413
[89] Wen-Tyng Li, Yao-Chu Leu, Jia-Lung Wu, “Red-Light Light-Emitting Diode Irradiation Increases the Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells.”2010 Photomedicine and Laser Surgery Volume 28, Supplement 1, 2010 Pp. S157–S165 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2009.2540
[90] Sorin Comorosan, Silviu Polosan, Silviu Jipa, Irinel Popescu, George Marton, Elena Ionescu, Ligia Cristache, Dumitru Badila, Radu Mitrica, “Green light radiation effects on free radicals inhibition in cellular and chemical systems.” 2011 Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 102 (2011) 39–44 DOI: 10.1016/j.photobiol.2010.09.003
[91] Min Woo Cheon, Tae Gon Kim, Yang Sun Lee, Seong Hwan Kim, “Low level light therapy by Red–Green–Blue LEDs improves healing in an excision model of Sprague–Dawley rats.” 2012 Personal and Ubiquitous Computing August 2012 DOI 10.1007/s00779-012-0577-3
[92] L. Traikov, K. Georgiev, A. Bocheva, E. Dzambazova, M. Markov, “Static magnetic field action on some markers of inflammation in animal model system—in vivo.” 2009 Environmentalist (2009) 29:225–231 DOI 10.1007/s10669-009-9227-3
[93] A. G. Buyavykh, O. S. Medvedev, A. F. Stukanov, “Effect of low-frequency magnetic field on the systemic arterial pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats.” 0007-4888/87/0007-0905512.50 (1987) Plenum Publishing Corporation, UDC 616.12-008.331.1-085.849.11-092.9
[94] Zhiyun Wang, Pao-Lin Che, Jian Du, Barbara Ha, Kevin J. Yarema, “Static Magnetic Field Exposure Reproduces Cellular Effects of the Parkinson’s Disease Drug Candidate ZM241385.” 2010 PLoS ONE 5(11): e13883. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013883
[95] Allan Lawrie, Axel F. Brisken, Sheila E. Francis, David Wyllie, Enres Kiss-Toth, Eva E. Qwarnstorm Stephen K. Dower, David C. Crossman, Chirstopher M. Newman, “Ultrasound-enhanced transgene expression in vascular cells is not not dependent upon cavitation-induced free radicals.” 2003 Ultrasound in Med. & Biol., Vol. 29, No. 10, pp. 1453–1461, doi:10.1016/S0301-5629(03)01032-9
[96] Steven J. Kavros, Jenny L. Miller, Steven W. Hanna, “Treatment of Ischemic Wounds with Noncontact, Low-Frequency Ultrasound: The Mayo Clinic Experience, 2004-2006.” 2007 Advances In Skin and Wound Care April 2007;20:221 – 6
[97] Steven J. Kavros, David A. Liedl, Andrea J. Boon, Jenny L. Miller, Julie A. Hobbs, Karen L. Andrews, “Expedited Wound Healing with Noncontact, Low-Frequency Ultrasound Therapy in Chronic Wounds: A Retrospective Analysis.” 2008 Advances In Skin and Wound Care VOL. 21 NO. 9 2008;21:416 – 23.
Read and learn more here: http://www.lyranara.com/comra-delta-pro-laser/